Sifile Obert, Sithole Daniel, Mbizi and Chavunduka Desderio

Abstract
Though there are various Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) initiatives by the Zimbabwe Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZPWMA), through the Communal Areas Management of Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE), wildlife conservation in Zimbabwe is facing perennial challenges that range from illegal hunting, wildlife habitat fragmentation, and wildlife retaliatory killings. The main objective of the study is to assess the adoption of effective CSR initiatives on communities around Hwange National Park on wildlife conservation. A case study research design was used where the target population was communities living around Hwange National Park. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used. The data collected from questionnaires was analysed using SPSS and interview data was placed into thematic areas according to objectives. Findings were that there is a legal framework for CSR in place but the challenge is on its implementation. It was noted in the study that the community is not being involved in the conservation of wildlife. The findings also indicated that the economic situation is affecting the daily operation of Hwange National Park hence there is reduction of CSR funding which includes the provision of social services. From the study, it was observed that some of the infrastructure like boreholes and roads were no longer being serviced on time due to limited resources. The study recommends that the use of education and awareness campaigns are essential for the conservation of the resources in the protected area.

Keywords: CAMPFIRE, corporate social responsibility, Hwange National Park, sustainable wildlife conservation and Zimbabwe.

Akinnubi O. P.

Abstract
Coronavirus (COVID-19) is an illness caused by a virus that can spread from person to person. It is a new coronavirus that has spread throughout the world and causes devastating effects on all sectors of the nation, private universities inclusive. Human resource constitutes an integral part of the University system without which attainment of vision and mission statements would prove abortive. This paper examined human resource management during COVID-19 pandemic in private universities in Kwara State. Descriptive research design was used in the study. Twenty Registrars and Deans were purposively selected from the private Universities in Kwara State and used as participants in the study. A researcher-designed questionnaire entitled: “Human Resource Management during COVID-19 Pandemic Questionnaire” (HRMCPQ) was used to obtain relevant information from the participants. Two research questions and one research hypothesis guided the conduct of the study. Both descriptive and inferential statistic were used in data analysis. The findings of the study showed that there was no significant difference between the perceptions of Registrars and Deans on human resource management during COVID-19 pandemic in private universities in Kwara State. Based on the findings of the study, private universities in Kwara State should lay more emphasis on the use of Information and Communication Technology tools in the management of human resource in their institutions in order to achieve stated goals and objectives.

Keywords: Human Resource, Management, COVID-19, Private Universities, Kwara State